Telephone
It is direct and immediate, and requires no writing skills. Its also the easiest, most low-tech way of reaching someone. Some problems with this method is that if you don't schedule the time, then you might not get the other person when they can talk. Another problem is that it doesn't provide either person time to think, or consider how they want to say something. In some cases, people talk out of emotion only, blocking the possibility of constructive dialogue. In these cases, its time to switch gears.
Email
Americans love their email! You can read messages people send you whenever you want, and send someone something whenever you want. You can re-write, see a chain of messages in the dialogue, and save what you have received and sent! You can also say the same exact thing to multiple people. But oh, misunderstandings can proliferate. The smallest gap in wording can create a large misunderstanding. Sometimes emotions are read into the words that just aren't there. When you need to clear the air, get off the keyboard.Text Messaging and Instant Messaging
Immediate and easy, messaging provides a quick way to say a few words back and forth. Those who are of few words love using messaging because its a medium made for saying only a few words! However this method is not a good way of communicating for anything lengthy. Anything detailed, elaborate, or complicated probably belongs back in an email. Many people want their communications to be short & quick ... but not all can be like that, so not all are fit for messaging.
Other Factors
Don't forget too, that some people have preferred means of communicating. A colleague might rarely check email but pick up the phone at the first ring. A sibling might not answer the phone, but reply to an email. A boyfriend might not return a call, but will reply to a text. We have so many tools for communicating, that the most important thing to remember is that if one doesn't work, switch!
I know one woman who relies on email so heavily that she seems to constantly cause misunderstandings. Every time things get to that point, I call her, text message her, or send her an instant message! But I immediately cut off the email chain because the communication gap is not helping. I have preferred communication methods too, but if necessary, I switch to something else.
Don't Get Attached
Just remember, the world is your oyster. Don't get stuck in one way of talking. Use what works best!